
Algele

Catalogare , Cauze , Eliminarea
Toti cei ce detin un acvariu s-au lovit la un moment dat de neplacutele alge , acestea fiind unul dintre inamicii acvaristicii.
Algele se intilnesc cel mai adesea in mediul acvatic, de apa dulce sau sarata , deoarece majoritatea traiesc in mediu submers . Sunt de mai multe tipuri: alge albastre, verzi, maronii, negre, filamentoase, viscoase sau cu crusta. Trebuie sa fim foarte bine informati pentru a identifica alga care ne-a invadat bazinul intretinut cu grija.
Reproducerea
Modul de reproducere al algelor este foarte asemanator de cel al plantelor. Astfel, ele se pot diviza sau pot recurge la fecundarea sexuata. Dar pot folosi si metode complexe, dupa cum demonstreaza o serie de cazuri. Substratul este un factor foarte important pentru dezvoltarea algelor. Fiecare prefera un anumit tip de substrat. De aceea nu gasim acelasi fel de alga pe un suport alcatuit din pietris, radacini, plante sau geamuri. In general, algele prefera suporturile pietroase. Ele se diferentiaza si dupa pozitionarea in acvariu. Unele prefera sa se expuna curentilor de apa, altele prefera locurile mai adapostite. Iluminarea joaca si ea un rol important in dezvoltarea acestora. Unele au nevoie de multa lumina pentru dezvoltare, altele dimpotriva se pot diviza si la umbra.
Cu toate ca reactioneaza in mod diferit la lumina si culorile pot varia , toate algele contin clorofila.
Rolul clorofilei este acela de a acumula energia solara sau a altei surse de lumina artificiala. Datorita ei, plantele pot transforma CO2 care se gaseste in aer, in zaharuri si alte molecule organice indispensabile metabolismului lor folosind in acelasi timp apa si elementele oligo-minerale continute de aceasta. Este procesul de fotosinteza sau asimilarea clorofiliana.
Din punct de vedere al Echipamente acvarii nu exista decit doua tipuri de alge, care se pot incadra in categoriile “acceptabile” si “daunatoare”.
Cele acceptabile sunt cele ce le putem indeparta manual cu ajutorul intretinerii saptamanale ,ele fiind putine ca numar si cu aparitie ocazionala, indica faptul ca avem o lumina satisfacatoare si un echilibru de substante favorabil dezvoltarii plantelor
Algele daunatoare sunt mult mai numeroase ,apar frecvent, sunt inestetice, colonizeaza mediul acvatic si dauneaza ecosistemului. Aparitia acestora denota un acvariu dezechilibrat ,cu lumina excesiva sau dimpotriva,lipsa de nutrienti ,filtrare deficitara …
Echipamente acvarii recomanda prevenirea acestor probleme prin : curatarea saptamanala a mediului,schimbarea anuala a tuburilor de neon,adaugarea unui sistem de co2,indepartarea mecanica la primele semne de aparitie a unei alge
Cele mai raspandite alge:
Black Beard Algae( BBA)

Acest tip de alga creste in smocuri de circa 0.5 cm inaltime .
Cauzele aparitiei. In acvariile intens luminate, prezenta acestei alge este semnul lipsei de CO2 sau a fluctuatiei nivelului acestuia, In acvariile slab luminate, aceasta apare adesea in urma schimbarii nivelului de CO2 din apa. Echipamente acvarii recomanda montarea unui Ph controller pentru mentinerea constanta a nivelului ph.
De cele mai multe ori aceasta alga creste pe marginile frunzelor plantelor cu un ritm de dezvoltare lent, pe decoruri si chiar si pe echipamentele din acvariu. De asemenea, uneori aceasta se dezvolta si in zonele cu curenti puternici din acvariu.
Indepartarea ei. Intr-un acvariul intens luminat este nevoie de o marire a nivelului de CO2 din acvariu si/sau de o imbunatatire a circulatiei apei in jurul plantelor. Pentru inceput este bine sa periati sau sa taiati cat mai multe smocuri puteti manual.
Pestii SAE consuma aceasta alga dar si moly .De asemenea o supradoza a suplimentelor pentru CO2 cum sunt Seachem Excel sau Easy Life Easy Carbo va ajuta la o indepartare definitiva a acestor alge.
Blue Green Algae BGA

BGA nu este chiar o alga ci este o bacterie denumita cyanobacteria. Aceasta alga acoperind decorul ,substratul si plantele cu o pelicula verde albastruie. Se poate indeparta usor manual, dar se dezvolta din nou foarte repede. Cel mai adesea aceasta alga se dezvolta pe substrat in special in locurile foarte bine luminate.
Cauzele aparitiei.
De obicei aceasta cyanobacteria apare cand este nivelul scazut al nitratilor. Uneori apare in acvariile proaspat instalate in care au lumina si amoniac la un nivel care sa favorizeze dezvoltarea ei. Substraturile si filtrele murdare, dar si circulatia proasta a apei in acvariu pot fi o posibila cauza a aparitiei acestei alge in acvariul dumneavoastra
Cum scapam de Bga?
Oprirea iluminarii acvariului este cea mai buna metoda la care puteti apela pentru a indeparta aceasta alga. Oprirea luminii trebuie asociata cu schimburi de apa de 30-50% din volumul acvariului , pentru o eficienta mai buna este bine sa o indepartati manual cat de mult este posibil , opriti aditia de CO2 si adaugati o pompa de aer. Acoperiti acvariul chiar cu o patura pentru a impiedica lumina sa ajunga la acvariu. Toate aceste masuri trebuie efectuate timp de 3-4 zile, in aceasta perioada incetati sa mai hraniti pestii .
Dupa aceasta perioada reluati ciclul normal dar nu inainte de schimbarea a 30-50 % din apa.
Echipamente acvarii vine in intampinarea problemelor dumneavoastra cu un produs eficient in combaterea acestei cyanobacteria.
Algele maro

Descriere.
Aceasta alga formeaza o pelicula vascoasa maro pe plante, substrat, sticla si chiar pe echipamentele din acvariu.
Cauzele aparitiei. De obicei aceasta alga se dezvolta in acvariile noi in care ciclul azotului nu a fost incheiat in intregime . Astfel concentratia de amoniac din apa este ridicata, lucru ce favorizeaza aparitia algelor maro.
Indepartarea ei.
Aceasta alga poate fi aspirata sau stearsa de pe sticla cu un burete . De obicei aceasta alga maro dispare la cateva saptamani de la stabilizarea acvariului . Pentru indepartarea naturala Echipamente acvarii va recomanda adaugarea de pesti otociclus sau ancistrusi ,acestia indepartand in oarecare masura alaga.
Green Dust Algae GDA

Descriere
Aceasta alga se formeaza pe peretii acvariului dand un aspect de neclaritate sticlei. Nu afecteaza plantele, aceasta alga strica aspectul acvariului si lasa impresia ca acesta nu este ingrijit, aceasta se dezvolta atat de mult incat nu se mai poate vedea in interiorul acvariului
Cauzele aparitiei
Cauzele aparitiei GDA sunt nivelul scazut al CO2 si al nutrientilor din apa, alga apare in special in acvariile noi, asadar folositi nutrienti de calitate pentru a avea un mediu stabil
Indepartarea ei.
Poate fi indepartata manual foarte usor cu ajutorul unui magnet pentru curatarea acvariilor. Desi de obicei apare din nou foarte rapid, lasati-o sa se dezvolte timp de 3 saptamani. Aceasta poate deveni foarte urata in toata aceasta perioada, dar indepartati-o manual dupa terminarea celor 3 saptamani si efectuati un schimb masiv de apa maxim 50%. In unele cazuri este nevoie de o repetare a acestui tratament pentru a o indeparta definitiv. Pe durata tratamentului este bine sa diminuati doza de fertilizanti adaugata.
Apa verde

Descriere.
Este o alga unicelulara ce face ca apa sa para incetosata . Uneori are doar o tenta verzuie, dar in unele cazuri situatia este atat de grava incat nu se mai pot observa nici pestii din acvariu.
Cauzele aparitiei.
Adesea aceasta alga se datoreaza nivelului ridicat al amoniacului din apa. Poate fi un dezechilibru in nivelul nutrientilor si/sau nivelul scazut al CO2 din apa,de aceea echipamente acvarii va recomanda efectuarea periodica sau in momentul cand observati ca ceva este in neregula a testelor ce va vor ajuta sa depistati dezechilibrul.
Exista situatii in care alga apare si la cresterea intensitatii luminoase din acvariu, de exemplu adaugarea mai multor neoane sau trecerea la o lampa cu metal halide.
Indepartarea ei.
Echipamente acvarii recomanda, schimburile mari si repetate de apa. Acestea insa nu sunt intotdeauna de ajutor. Daca se dovedeste ca sursa acestei alge este dezechilibrul de care am amintit mai sus, prin simpla stabilizare a parametrilor apei, aceasta alga va disparea. Dar de cele mai multe ori un sterilizator uv va curata acvariul de aceasta alga chiar dupa o zi de functionare, multi acvaristi apeland la aceasta solutie cand niciuna din variantele mai ieftine nu da rezultate.
Algele paroase (Filamentoase)

Descriere.
Algele paroase sau denumirea comuna generala filamentoase. Majoritatea acestor alge sunt verzi si difera in lungime.
Cauzele aparitiei.
Cauzele dezvoltarii algelor paroase sunt multiple: de la nivelul scazut al dioxidului de carbon si al nutrientilor, pana la fluctuatii mari a valorilor amoniacului din apa.
Neutralizarea
Din pacate aceste alge sunt destul de greu de indepartat. Pentru indepartarea lor puteti sa folositi o periuta de dinti sau ceva asemanator pentru ca se agata usor de ea, adaugarea de co2 si dozarea de nutrienti ar trebui sa ajute , indepartarea manuala a cat mai multor alge posibile pare sa aiba efecte dupa un timp. Printre solutiile alternative de indepartare a acestor alge se numara Amano shrimp sau Moly.
Staghorn
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Descriere.
Aceasta alga seamana cu firicele de barba. Culoarea acestora este in general neagra sau gri verzui avand o tenta rosiatica.
Cauza aparitiei.
Cauzele aparitiei acestei alge sunt diverse. De obicei o cantitatea prea mica de co2 determina dezvoltarea acestora .Hranirea in exces a pestilor si depunerea hranei neconsumate pe substrat duce la modificarea parametrilor apei. Echipamente acvarii va sugereaza sa curatati echipamentul filtrant murdar aceasta fiind o alta sursa a aparitiei . De asemenea daca agitati substratul acvariului si ulterior il lasati nesifonat, veti putea avea probleme cu aceasta alga.
Indepartarea ei. Verificati nivelul CO2 din acvariu si asigurati-va ca fluxul de apa este suficient prin acvariu , pestii moly si Sae mai consuma aceasta alga.
Echipamente acvarii va doreste bazine cat mai stabile si fara alge!
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